Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Practice Test – All Questions

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Understand the Decision Altitude: the go/no-go point on a precision approachOn a precision approach, what is the term for the altitude at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference hasn't been established, charted in feet MSL?What are Federal airways and how do they fit into Class E airspace?Which description correctly defines Federal airways?What does FL stand for in aviation and why is it used for altitude?The abbreviation FL is used to denote which of the following?What does NOAA stand for and why it matters to pilots and weather scienceWhich option correctly expands NOAA?What is a controllable-pitch propeller and how does blade pitch work?Which statement describes a controllable-pitch propeller (CPP)?What precipitation static (P-static) is and how it affects aircraft radio signalsP-static is best described as which phenomenon?What the Approach Lighting System tells pilots during an approach and why it mattersThe Approach Lighting System (ALS) is designed to provide pilots with what information during approach?

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MB is the abbreviation for which navigation term?
TDZE represents which feature on the runway landing surface?
What instrument indicates the aircraft's rate of climb or descent?
The energy applied to an object that attempts to cause it to change its direction, speed, or motion is called:
Which instrument shows the airplane's attitude relative to the horizon?
What does Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) measure?
Angle of incidence is the acute angle formed between which two elements?
What describes wing area?
IFR flight relies on which basic element for navigation?
What is a point-in-space approach?
How are regulatory prohibitions for NSAs disseminated?
Maximum ramp weight is the total weight of a loaded aircraft, including all fuel, and is greater than the takeoff weight.
Density altitude is defined as the pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and is used to evaluate aircraft performance.
Which type of guidance does a precision approach provide?
An axial-flow compressor is made up of which components?
Which statement best describes the semicircular canal?
Who approves the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)?
Fuselage is defined as?
The Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) provides descent guidance information during the approach. Which color combination indicates you are on the correct glidepath?
Which term describes a moment divided by a constant to simplify weight and balance computations?
Lines of longitude are also referred to as meridians.
What are Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC)?
What is a radio altimeter?
Which term refers to the weight of occupants, cargo, and baggage?
What is minimum reception altitude (MRA)?
Relative wind for an airplane in flight flows opposite to the direction of flight. Which factor determines the direction of the relative wind?
Mass is defined as what?
Which flight-control arrangement connects the rudder and ailerons with interconnected springs to counteract adverse yaw and can be overridden if a slip is necessary?
What does controllability refer to in aviation?
The holding pattern is described as which of the following?
Which data elements are typically shown on a surface analysis chart?
What does Magnetic bearing (MB) measure?
The en route facilities ring on navigation charts is depicted in which plan view?
Which instrument approach provides lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits similar to BARO VNAV?
What does the abbreviation IAP stand for in aviation terminology?
Which description best defines a missed approach?
RNP stands for which concept?
Which facility provides en route ATC services and separation for high-altitude air traffic?
Fixed-pitch propellers are designed as climb propellers, cruise propellers, or standard propellers. Which of the following is NOT a design category?
What term describes a pair of tail control surfaces arranged in the form of a V that function as elevators when moved together and as a rudder when moved differentially?
Detonation is the sudden release of heat energy from the fuel-air mixture caused by reaching its critical pressure and temperature.
GWPS is an acronym for what?
ARSR stands for what in air traffic control terminology?
The heading indicator is also called what?
Which statement defines a sea level engine?
What is the minimum en route altitude (MEA)?
In turbine engines, N2 refers to the rotational speed of the ...
Which statement best describes a ground adjustable trim tab?
A disturbance that causes one wing to drop describes which stability concept?
In an Inertial Navigation System, where is the initial position input?
Risk elements are
Which term refers to moisture that appears when water vapor condenses on surfaces near the ground, typically overnight or in the morning?
Which instrument provides vertical guidance on a precision approach?
Rigidity is described as
Which term describes an altitude depicted on an instrument approach chart whose value is not underscored or overscored?
The Missed Approach Point is the point at which a pilot must initiate the missed approach if the required visual references are not seen.
VA refers to which speed?
Runway Visual Range (RVR) is defined as what?
Movement of the ailerons rotates an airplane about which axis?
Direct indication on the attitude indicator provides what?
Not a typical leading-edge device type?
Which statement correctly defines precession in a gyroscope?
An agonic line is defined as:
Trim is defined as?
What is the alternate static source valve?
Leading-edge device function: which statement is true?
What best describes a turbine engine?
What is tension in aviation terms?
HAA stands for height above what?
Nonstandard holding patterns use which turns?
Somatogravic illusion is the misperception of pitch attitude caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration when visual references are limited.
Relative wind is the direction of airflow produced by motion through the air. What factor determines this direction on a given flight path?
Directional stability refers to stability about which axis?
Foreign Object Damage (FOD) refers to:
Judgment in aviation terms is best described as what process?
Maximum landing weight is the greatest weight that an airplane normally is allowed to have at landing.
Which system broadcasts position and other data to air traffic control and nearby aircraft?
Underpower means what?
What are supercooled water droplets?
Which altitude is specifically intended to ensure obstacle clearance during en route flight?
Meridians are lines of what?
What is the Kollsman window used for in aviation instruments?
Which instrument incorporates flight command bars to provide pitch and roll cues?
What does the acronym VOR stand for?
What does orientation refer to?
What does FAF stand for in instrument approaches?
What does Magnetic dip describe?
Which of the following best describes almanac data?
Which statement best describes monocoque fuselage design?
How is a waypoint defined?
Which navigation performance term stands for a defined level of accuracy within a lateral confinement area?
Low or medium frequency refers to a frequency range used by which navigation aid?
RCO stands for what?
What does VLE stand for?
Wingtip vortices are also referred to as wake turbulence.
KIAS stands for what?
Leading-edge flap is defined as what?
What is the Missed Approach Point (MAP) defined as?
Mileage breakdown on IFR charts refers to?
The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) combines which two functions?
VFE is the maximum airspeed with flaps extended. Which option correctly identifies this relationship?
Airspace not Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D, and is controlled airspace is which class?
Margin identification on an instrument approach chart refers to which features?
What is clearance void time?
How does fog differ from a cloud?
Absolute pressure is defined as?
What is an inclinometer and how is it used in flight?
Rapid decompression is described as which event?
MOA stands for Military Operations Area. What is its primary designation?
What is the Initial Approach Fix (IAF)?
Situational awareness is defined as the pilot's knowledge of where the aircraft is in relation to location, ATC, weather, regulations, aircraft status, and other factors that may affect flight.
The PRM, or Precision Runway Monitor, is used to monitor what?
The procedural, psychomotor, and perceptual skills used to control a specific aircraft or its systems.
REIL are located where?
Which altitude concept is defined as the lowest altitude between radio fixes that ensures obstacle clearance and navigational signal coverage within 25 statute miles of a VOR?
Telephone information briefing service (TIBS) stands for which term?
How do Inoperative Components affect minimums on instrument procedures?
Which document lists operating conditions and is published by the airframe manufacturer?
Empty-field myopia occurs under certain conditions; which statement is correct?
Which phenomenon is defined as an increase in temperature with altitude?
Hypemic hypoxia is a type of hypoxia caused by what primary factor?
What is a loadmeter in an aircraft electrical system?
Trailing edge is the portion of an airfoil where the airflow from the upper surface rejoins the lower surface. Which term describes this feature?
Which option best describes the National Airspace System (NAS)?
What is a servo tab?
Canard configuration is a configuration in which the span of the forward wing is substantially less than that of the main wing. Which option best matches this definition?
Which description matches a compass rose?
What is a stabilator?
The acronym SIDS stands for which instruction related to departures?
Which of the following is included in standard empty weight?
Which term refers to navigational guidance by assigning headings?
The drift angle is defined as the angle between which two elements?
During hydroplaning, which statement accurately describes the effect on aircraft handling and how anti-skid systems interact?
Which term describes a system that improves the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems by providing satellite positioning corrections?
Fuel load refers to what?
Ultimate load factor is defined as what?
The term horsepower originated with which figure and concept?
POH/AFM are FAA-approved documents listing operating conditions for a model.
Reference circle is described as which of the following?
Height above touchdown elevation (HAT) is the height of the DA/DH or MDA above the highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone (first 3,000 feet of the runway).
GPWS full form
What is a radio wave?
Rigging refers to
What does HUD stand for in cockpit equipment?
PIREP is the acronym used for which type of aviation report?
An overscored altitude on an instrument approach chart indicates the altitude to maintain or protect.
IMC is the abbreviation for which condition?
METAR is a type of what?
What are wings?
Pilots should consult which publication for United States terminal procedures?
In instrument flight, what is the 'Scan'?
TCAS stands for?
What does VFR stand for?
Which term describes the boundary where cold air replaces warm air?
What is a DME arc?
Which term refers to a satellite navigation system that provides autonomous geospatial positioning with global coverage?
Flameout refers to which engine condition?
The Visual Descent Point (VDP) is best described as?
RVSM reduces vertical separation between which flight levels?
Control and performance in attitude instrument flying is described as which method?
Airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation surrounding airports with an operational control tower and radar approach control is which class?
Which option lists the altitude range for the troposphere as latitude varies?
What two components make up the turn-and-slip indicator?
Ranging signals are transmitted from GPS satellites to allow the receiver to determine which measurement?
What best describes a Military Training Route (MTR)?
Angle of attack is defined as the angle between which two lines?
Which wing component bears the highest bending loads in flight and during landing?
What does the aircraft transponder provide to ground equipment in response to interrogation in ATCRBS/SSR?
Leading-edge flap true statement?
In an ILS approach, the Outer Marker is typically located where?
What defines Magnetic heading?
Which statement best describes the Primary Flight Display (PFD)?
Standard weights are weights established for numerous items involved in weight and balance computations.
In a turbofan engine, the bypass ratio is defined as the ratio of the mass airflow through which paths?
HIWAS stands for which service?
RVV is associated with which aviation measurement?
Which feature is commonly shown on a surface analysis chart?
Center of gravity (CG) is defined as the point at which the airplane would balance if suspended at that point. It is the mass center and may be expressed in which units?
RBI is associated with which navigation concept?
Which statement best describes an occluded front?
Which statement about takeoff distance relative to one-engine inoperative distance is true?
Adiabatic heating occurs when air is compressed as it moves in which direction?
Which facility provides en route air traffic control services for high-altitude traffic?
In a standard holding pattern, turns are made in which direction?
Hyperventilation can lead to unconsciousness due to which mechanism?
What is the definition of flight path?
What is an AIRMET?
Deceleration error in a magnetic compass occurs on which headings and in which direction does the compass card rotate?
MH indicates what in flight instruments?
What is a spoiler on an airplane?
In station numbering, what is station zero identified as?
What is weight in aviation terms?
Which navigation aid is used for nonprecision approaches with a final course that may be offset and wider than the localizer?
Which statement about microbursts is true?
Pilotage is navigation by visual reference to landmarks.
Which airspace extends from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600, including waters within 12 NM of the coast and designated international airspace beyond 12 NM within areas of domestic navigational signal or ATC radar coverage?
Which service automates routine information in terminal areas to relieve controller workload?
IAS stands for what term used as a standard atmospheric model?
Rigidity in space is defined as
TIS stands for which aviation service?
Winds aloft forecasts (FB) are issued how often?
Omission error is defined as...
Which type of drag on an aircraft increases with airspeed and is caused by the friction of air moving over the aircraft surface?
What does Trend describe on aviation instruments?
Which description best applies to Preferred IFR routes?
Which component is the elevator hinged to?
What is the function of a suction relief valve?
SSR stands for Secondary Surveillance Radar.
Which statement correctly describes WAAS?
What describes the recommended altitude on an instrument approach chart?
The Relative Bearing Indicator (RBI) is associated with a fixed reference orientation on its display. Which statement is true about this orientation?
Position error in airspeed measurement is caused by what?
Which items serve as wind direction indicators?
MSA stands for which altitude term?
Engine pressure ratio (EPR) is used as an indication of what parameter in a turbine engine?
Decision height (DH) is defined as which of the following on a precision approach?
RAIM is used to verify the usability of which signals?
What is a system in which the heading gyro is continuously corrected to agree with a remotely located magnetic direction sensing device?
Mean aerodynamic chord is defined as which distance?
Groundspeed is defined as what?
Drift angle is defined as the angle between which two directions?
Dutch roll refers to which flight dynamic?
The Final Approach Fix (FAF) marks what in the instrument approach procedure?
Which system minimizes the effects of hydroplaning?
Which term best describes the boundary between air masses where cold air is replacing warm air, when considering the cold front?
Jet route is a route designated to serve flight operations from what altitude to what maximum altitude?
Absolute accuracy refers to what?
What is ambient temperature?
Which term is defined as the positive acute angle between the lateral axis and a line through the center of a wing?
Which description corresponds to Autopilot?
What is the 100-hour inspection?
HAL stands for height above what?
A Locator Outer Marker is collocated with which marker?
What does SDF stand for in navigation aids?
Which term refers to a navigation aid that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a runway?
Which describes 'Land as soon as practical'?
What is described by the minimums section on an instrument approach procedure chart?
Changeover point is defined as what?
Propeller/rotor modulation error can cause VOR CDI fluctuations up to ±6°. Which action normally smooths out this roughness?
What does VNE indicate in aircraft performance?
Which statement about checklists is false?
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is a key indicator in which engine types?
Which term describes a flight permit issued to an aircraft that does not meet airworthiness requirements but is capable of safe flight?
LDA stands for?
Which navigation instrument features a vertical card with an azimuth and a fixed miniature airplane to display heading?
WAAS improvements are achieved by which type of system?
NTSB stands for which organization?
What does minimum safe altitude (MSA) provide on approach charts?
How is the word radar used in modern language?
Which statement correctly identifies the content of the useful load?
Torque, in a helicopter context, can refer to the tendency of the helicopter to yaw opposite the rotation of the main rotor, a concept captured by which term?
What does AME stand for in aviation terminology?
What does the symbol Δ denote in aviation contexts?
As airspeed and pressure altitude increase, equivalent airspeed becomes what relative to calibrated airspeed, and what must be subtracted to obtain the corrected value?
Which description corresponds to Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)?
The DP acronym corresponds to which operational procedure?
ILS Category IIIB minima specify which conditions?
Preferred IFR routes serve what purpose?
Which energy source powers a turbocharger?
The symbol Hg is the chemical symbol for which element, derived from its Latin name hydrargyrum?
Which term describes an uncoordinated turn in which the aircraft is banked too much for the rate of turn, pulling toward the outside of the turn?
Which VFR operation allows an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate altitude?
VEF is defined as the calibrated airspeed at which the critical engine of a multiengine aircraft is assumed to fail.
What does minimum drag refer to in aerodynamics?
What is ATC permission for an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace called?
Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR) is primarily used by which facility to detect and display an aircraft's position while en route?
Which statement correctly describes Category II minima for an ILS approach?
Leans: what is it?
What is a waste gate?
Equilibrium in aerodynamics describes a condition when what occurs?
Which term describes the speed or rate of movement in a certain direction?
Longitude is measurement east or west of the Prime Meridian in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
Which term describes a form of altimeter with an adjustable barometric scale used for setting the reference pressure?
The device that allows an object to remain upright when the base tilts is called a?
Which term describes the gyroscope property that prevents axis tilt due to Earth's rotation?
What best defines a turboshaft engine?
Which runway lighting component outlines the edges of runways at night or during low visibility and is classified according to the intensity they are capable of producing?
Dead reckoning is navigation by which method?
How is the minimum altitude depicted on instrument approach charts?
What is Magnetic compass?
Which runway lighting component consists of flush centerline lights spaced at 50-foot intervals beginning 75 feet from the landing threshold?
Locator middle marker (LMM) is described as which of the following?
The term used with the appropriate course and altitude to denote that the procedure turn is not required is which of the following?
Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount that could exist at the current temperature. What is this maximum value most commonly expressed as?
An aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure by balancing which of the following?
Which of the following best describes a checklist?
In ATC communications, IDENT refers to...
Which term describes a distress or urgent condition?
Which description best defines a V-tail?
What is the minimum equipment list (MEL)?
What is the imaginary line passing through the center of the propeller hub, perpendicular to the plane of rotation called?
Threshold Crossing Height is the theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft would cross if it maintained the trajectory established by the mean ILS glideslope. This term is known as:
An electromagnetic wave is best described as?
What does the AFM stand for and what does it contain?
Convective weather is characterized by what atmospheric condition?
For high-speed aircraft, the standard rate turn is 1.5 degrees per second.
Which statement correctly describes 'Land as soon as practical' in terms of pilot authority?
Which statement best defines position error?
What information is included on World Aeronautical Charts?
Lateral stability refers to stability about which axis?
What is the primary function of Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)?
What is an ammeter?
Victor airways are used to establish a known en route route between terminal areas and are based on a centerline that extends from one navigation aid to another. Which navigation aids are used to define these airways?
Uncontrolled airspace is Class G airspace with what characteristic?
CDI stands for which instrument?
Adiabatic cooling is a process that cools air by which mechanism?
What does the Winds and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB) provide?
Which statement describes a servo in flight control systems?
Which term describes direct routes based on area navigation capability between waypoints defined in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, degree-distance fixes, or offsets from established routes/airways at a specified distance and direction?
Histotoxic hypoxia is best described as what?
No-gyro approach is used when which equipment malfunctions?
TEC stands for?
Cowl flaps are shutter‑like devices arranged around certain air‑cooled engine cowlings that may be opened or closed to regulate the flow of air around the engine. Which term describes these devices?
Military Operations Area (MOA) is airspace established for what purpose?
Which statement best describes a nonprecision approach?
Form drag is defined as:
What does 'control pressures' describe in relation to flight controls?
Vertical distances in a microburst are typically less than how many feet?
What is an inverter in aviation electrical systems?
MDA refers to which altitude?
IVSI is an acronym for which aviation instrument?
Wind Correction Angle is used to compensate for what?
What is a supercharger in aircraft propulsion?
Which speed is the lower limit of the green arc on the airspeed indicator?
True airspeed is defined as?
Which term describes the unstable, rising air found in cumuliform clouds?
In a turboprop engine, most of the energy in the exhaust gases is converted into what?
Spin is an aggravated stall that results in an airplane descending in a helical, or corkscrew path.
The actual height above mean sea level at which the aircraft is flying is called the:
The distance from a datum to the point where a force is applied is called what?
Which term describes using more power than required for the purpose of achieving a faster rate of airspeed change?
What is the graveyard spiral in pilot perception?
TFR stands for Temporary Flight Restriction. Which option correctly expands the acronym?
Aerodynamics is defined as:
Which system provides automated weather observations using sensors, a processor, and a voice transmitter?
A gimbal ring is a type of what, allowing upright orientation when base tilts?
Static stability is the initial tendency an aircraft displays when disturbed from a state of equilibrium.
Which term denotes the ratio of mass airflow through the fan to the mass airflow that passes through the gas generator?
ICAO is the acronym for which organization?
Which term is associated with lines of latitude in navigation?
Which statement best describes Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)?
CRM stands for Crew Resource Management and is the application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment. Which statement is true about CRM?
A VFR terminal area chart at a scale of 1:250,000 depicts which airspace?
Hydroplaning presents which primary risk during landing or braking on a surface with standing water?
RF, or radio frequency, refers to which concept?
Which feature defines a complex aircraft?
What defines a T-tail configuration?
Which statement about the Terminal Arrival Area (TAA) is true?
Runway Visibility Value (RVV) is determined by which instrument?
The intensity of wingtip vortices depends on the airplane's weight, speed, and configuration.
Which description best defines attitude management in aviation safety?
During night, where does the land breeze move air?
What is the Visual Descent Point (VDP)?
What is Sublimation?
Which description corresponds to Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)?
DGPS stands for Differential global positioning system.
Basic empty weight (GAMA) includes which items?
World Aeronautical Charts cover land areas of the world at a size and scale convenient for navigation by what type of aircraft?
What is negative static stability?
The acronym EFD stands for which term in aviation displays?
Fog is defined as:
What is Rabbit, the?
What is the purpose of the National Route Program (NRP)?
What color bursts comprise Rabbit, the flasher system?
What does VHF stand for in radio communications?
What does Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) provide for air traffic control?
Mean sea level is the average height of the sea surface over what period?
What is pressure altitude?
ODP is used for which of the following?
The United States Terminal Procedures Publication includes which items?
Which term describes stability about an aircraft's vertical axis, also called yawing or directional stability?
Ground effect exists within approximately how far from the ground?
In a double gimbal system, how many planes allow free motion around the gyro?
Which term describes the embodiment of personal traits set at a very early age and extremely resistant to change?
In a turn, what does the inclinometer indicate?
A Head-Up Display (HUD) allows the pilot to view flight instruments and other data while looking through the windshield for which items?
The term doghouse refers to what?
SSV stands for which term used in navigation and radar?
What does the profile view on an instrument approach chart show?
Which system broadcasts its state vector and other information periodically to air traffic management?
Which description best defines a small airplane?
NAV/COM refers to which type of radio?
What term describes designated airspace within which flight of aircraft is prohibited?
What is a position report?
Drag is defined as?
An airspeed indicator measures the aircraft's airspeed and displays it in what units typically?
Which instrument indicates rate of climb or descent by measuring pressure change?
How does Induced drag vary with airspeed?
Which statement best defines a high performance aircraft?
In aviation, Attitude is defined as what?
St. Elmo's Fire is which phenomenon?
Which term describes the system whereby the heading gyro is corrected to align with a remote magnetic direction sensing device?
IMC are defined as weather conditions requiring operations to be conducted under IFR.
Which phenomenon during landing is defined as the brain's misinterpretation of ground features causing misread of spatial relationships?
DP refers to what term in flight operations?
What is the meaning of Maneuverability?
Under which conditions must a flight operate IFR rather than VFR?
Maximum altitude on an instrument approach chart is the altitude at or below which aircraft are required to maintain altitude.
Precipitation is defined as what?
Chord line location question: The chord line of an airfoil is defined as an imaginary straight line drawn from which points?
Which manual is not FAA approved and is not specific to a serial-number airplane, containing general information about the make and model?
Which statement best describes the Primary Flight Display’s effect on pilot situational awareness?
What term describes the state of confusion resulting from misleading sensory information that affects awareness of aircraft position?
In aircraft terminology, a station is defined as what?
Which term refers to a preplanned IFR departure published for pilot use?
In aerodynamics, which letter represents lift?
Canard is defined as which of the following?
Aircraft approach category is based on:
What is the primary function of a Control Display Unit?
Standard rate turn for low- or medium-speed aircraft is 3 degrees per second.
Which statement about standard atmosphere is true regarding how temperature behaves with altitude?
Dew forms as moisture condensed from water vapor, typically on cooler objects near the ground.
HIWAS is available in which area?
The Tropopause is the boundary layer that confines most weather to which layer?
Which fuselage design uses the stressed outer skin to carry the majority of imposed stresses?
What is cruise clearance?
UHF refers to frequencies in what range?
Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) is described as which service?
What does VMC define when referring to minimum control speed for a light twin-engine airplane?
MAC stands for which aerodynamic measurement?
PAR stands for which radar system?
MFD stands for what in avionics?
Which statement best describes the drag generated between air molecules and the solid surface of the aircraft?
What does the acronym FDI stand for in cockpit instruments?
ATCRBS stands for which system?
In VOR navigation, the radial or line from the VOR station is defined as the direction measured clockwise from which reference?
Which term describes a configuration with minimum drag?
The trim tab on a control surface is used to balance what?
Which term describes the overhead view of an instrument approach procedure showing routes?
Ground effect increases lift and decreases induced drag. Which statement best describes this relationship?
Fixed-pitch propellers are propellers with which characteristic?
Which components are included in the National Airspace System (NAS)?
Which device processes pitot-static data to provide airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed?
Parallels: lines of latitude are also called what?
ADM is defined as:
What does HF stand for in aviation context?
What characterizes a Strapdown system?
MLS refers to what system?
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) includes the federal aviation regulations governing:
Mode C refers to which capability?
What does IAS stand for in airspeed terminology?
Which term describes the signal-to-noise ratio?
Engine pressure ratio (EPR) is defined as what?
What does the term knot measure?
Which description matches a compass locator?
What is eddy currents?
En route high-altitude charts are used for IFR navigation at or above 18,000 ft MSL. Which statement best describes their altitude coverage?
What does Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) describe?
What is mixed ice?
In general, what does clean configuration accomplish?
Which statement about the Missed Approach Point is accurate?
Which force acts toward the center of rotation in turning flight?
The drag curve is created by plotting what?
TAWS is designed to provide warnings about terrain hazards. Which option best represents TAWS?
In normal flight, movable slats are closed; they extend to delay separation at high angles of attack. When is a movable slat typically extended?
Which best describes a pressure-demand oxygen system?
The lower limit of the white arc corresponds to which speed?
What term refers to the pressure in the area immediately surrounding the aircraft?
What is the purpose of the Rabbit, the flasher system in terms of visibility?
GS stands for which term in air navigation?
What does the term 'cage' refer to on the ball instrument in flight instruments?
The Attitude Indicator is the foundation for all instrument flight. What does it reflect?
Speed is defined as what?
What does the acronym AFM/POH stand for?
ATCRBS or SSR uses a transponder in the aircraft. What is the basic ground operation in this system?
Standard terminal arrival route (STAR) is a preplanned IFR arrival procedure published for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form.
Centrifugal flow compressor is defined as what?
TRSA areas provide participating pilots with additional radar services. What is the primary purpose of TRSA?
Which statement defines Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)?
Which device propels an aircraft by producing thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation?
ODPs may be flown without ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure (SID or radar vector) has been assigned by ATC. Which option describes that alternate procedure?
Primary and supporting refers to which concept?
Spiraling slipstream refers to what effect?
Spiral instability is a condition that exists when the static directional stability of the airplane is very strong as compared to the effect of its dihedral in maintaining lateral equilibrium.
Which axis controls roll?
Which description matches a diluter-demand oxygen system?
Tower En Route Control (TEC) refers to which control concept?
Jet stream is described as a high-velocity wind near the upper troposphere that generally flows from west to east. This describes which option best?
VOR test facility availability can be airborne or ground-based. Which statement describes VOT availability accurately?
Which component best defines a powerplant?
Which position transmits IFR departure clearances?
The three axes pass through the aircraft's center of gravity at what angles?
Homing is defined as what?
What is a warm front?
Which term is defined as drag caused by the friction of air moving over the aircraft structure, with the amount increasing directly with airspeed?
MHz is a unit used to measure what property?
Calibrated airspeed is defined as what?
Which term describes the instrument indication corrected to reflect standard value for accuracy?
Which statement about NSAs is correct?
Dark adaptation is the physical and chemical adjustments of the eye that make vision possible in relative darkness. Which option best describes this process?
Dynamic stability is defined as which property?
Which chart element identifies the distance from the FAF to the MAP and provides the time to transit that distance based on various groundspeeds?
What is an unusual attitude?
Longitudinal stability (pitching) is stability about which axis?
TCH stands for?
Wing twist is a design feature incorporated into some wings to improve what?
Flight strips are best described as:
A fixed slot is located near which part of the wing?
What does the red line on the airspeed indicator signify?
MCA stands for which altitude concept?
LOC on aviation charts refers to?
Which navigation aid is used with the ground-based nondirectional beacon (NDB)?
Special fuel consumption is defined as the amount of fuel in pounds per hour consumed by an engine per brake horsepower or per pound of thrust.
Which acronym represents the agency responsible for publishing terminal procedures and en route charts?
ATIS stands for what?
Variation refers to which condition?
Which speed provides the most altitude gain in a given period of time?
Hypoxia is defined as what condition in the body?
What is included in standard empty weight (GAMA)?
ASOS is used to provide what type of data?
Which statement defines the compressor pressure ratio?
Which statement best describes LAAS in navigation?
Which system provides heading, attitude, and yaw information for aircraft?
Which statement best describes the category of airspace known as special use airspace?
Which lights outline the edges of the taxiway?
What does overpower mean in aviation terms?
In a Microwave Landing System, which components are typically included?
NoPT stands for which term?
Airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600 including waters within 12 NM of coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska, and designated international airspace beyond 12 NM within areas of domestic radio navigational signal or ATC radar coverage is which class?
Standard instrument departure procedures (SIDS) are published procedures to expedite clearance delivery and facilitate transition between takeoff and en route operations.
Double gimbal describes what?
Which option correctly states the minima for an ILS Category I approach?
Which instrument technique uses one instrument to initiate attitude changes while others monitor progress?
Which instrument indicates altitude by sensing pressure changes?
An azimuth card may be set, gyroscopically controlled, or driven by a remote compass. Which description best matches an azimuth card?
Runway edge lights are classified according to what characteristic?
MAA stands for which term?
Which term describes lights that can be found both on and off an airport to identify obstructions?
CG location can be expressed as which two forms?
MM stands for which marker?
IFR stands for which of the following?
The fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance is called?
The Attitude Director Indicator provides which type of cockpit information?
Which airspace is uncontrolled unless associated with a temporary control tower?
Which statement about RAIM is true?
Centrifugal force is defined as which of the following?
Which statement best describes camber in an airfoil?
Drag generated between air molecules and the solid surface of the aircraft.
Prevailing visibility requires that the visibility be equal to or exceeded for what portion of the horizon?
In ATCRBS/SSR, the beacon antenna is mounted so it rotates with the surveillance antenna.
Dynamic hydroplaning is best described as what condition?
Which system uses satellites rather than ground-based transmitters for location information?
Camber affects the airflow velocity around the wing. Which statement is true?
ILS Category IIIC minima require which of the following?
Which instrument is designed to replace traditional mechanical gyroscopic flight instruments and provides superior reliability?
In TRSA areas, participating pilots can receive additional radar services to provide separation between which groups?
Flaps are which of the following?
Which statement correctly describes P-factor?
What is the Mandatory block altitude?
The Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) is part of which broader publication?
What defines the service ceiling in aircraft performance terms?
Which statement best describes the region of normal command?
World Aeronautical Charts (WAC) have a scale of:
Which weather condition is commonly associated with a warm front?
GPWS provides warnings related to what hazard?
Which statement describes an Inertial Navigation System (INS)?
RMI stands for
Which agency publishes terminal procedures and en route charts?
The empennage includes which components?
What does DME stand for?
Which drag is caused by the friction of air moving over the aircraft surface and increases with airspeed?
The rate gyro in the turn-and-slip indicator measures which quantity?
Which weather feature is commonly associated with low ceilings and rain?
In aviation navigation, NM refers to which unit?
Manifold absolute pressure is defined as?
St. Elmo's Fire is which phenomenon?
Which term is defined as cabin pressure expressed as an equivalent altitude above sea level?
Which statement about VORTAC is true?
LAAS stands for which system?
What is the Stratosphere?
Which instrument approach is described as ATC issuing instructions for pilot compliance based on aircraft position relative to the final approach course and the distance from the end of the runway as displayed on the controller's radar scope?
The barometric scale on the altimeter is used to set what?
What does Instrument approach procedures (IAP) describe?
Turbine discharge pressure refers to which of the following?
Ailerons are described as:
In aviation terminology, an emergency means?
V2 is defined as?
Zulu time is used in aviation for coordinated universal time (UTC).
GPS Approach Overlay Program is described as
CAS stands for which term?
Which publication does TPP refer to?
Which term best defines a report over a known location transmitted by an aircraft to ATC?
In aviation navigation, GS stands for which term?
What is the term for a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold that provides rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a runway?
Which instrument uses magnetic north as the reference to determine heading?
What does the abbreviation FA stand for in aviation weather resources?
Which term describes transmitting on one frequency and receiving on a separate frequency?
Which description best defines the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)?
Which statement best describes preignition?
ASDE is most accurately described as which of the following?
Eddy current damping describes which effect on oscillations?
Which term describes the tendency of the aircraft to turn opposite the direction of rotation of the engine and propeller?
What does GPS stand for?
Pilots should check NOTAMs during flight planning when operating in an area with a temporary flight restriction (TFR) in effect.
Which term refers to a published IFR arrival procedure used to standardize arrivals into a terminal area?
The mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere directly above which layer?
Convective SIGMET is a weather advisory concerning convective weather significant to the safety of all aircraft. Which phenomena does it typically include?
NAVAID stands for which of the following?
What is a National Security Area (NSA)?
In modern CRM definitions, CRM includes multiple groups routinely working with the flight crew. Which group is included?
Which term describes an oxygen system that maintains constant oxygen partial pressure by mixing with air as altitude changes?
What term defines the fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance?
The Flight Management System blends available inputs from long- and short-range sensors to provide navigation. Which option is true?
Rhodopsin is defined as
A constant-speed propeller is defined as which of the following?
Which condition occurs when the manifold pressure exceeds the manufacturer's limit?
OM stands for what marker in instrument navigation?
Payload (GAMA) is defined as what?
What is the purpose of the Glideslope in an ILS approach?
Which term describes a downward slant from root to tip of a wing?
Static pressure is the pressure of air that is still or not moving, measured perpendicular to the surface of the aircraft.
What is the function of a balance tab?
Which navaid may be equipped with a glideslope?
A pressure-demand oxygen system is also referred to as a what?
Which term denotes the altitude published to ensure obstacle clearance for a given area?
Which option expands the acronym EFC correctly?
Which term describes the process of estimating values between known values, such as 7/16 between 3/8 and 1/2?
NOTAMs alert pilots to hazards along routes or at specific locations. NOTAMs are notices filed with an aviation authority to alert pilots of hazards. Which term best describes NOTAMs?
Which statement correctly defines Runway Visual Range (RVR)?
The Flight Director Indicator (FDI) is which of the following?
Which statement best describes the Outer Marker’s function location on an ILS approach?
Who publishes the TPP in regional format?
Lift: what is it?
Which term is the forward force that propels the airplane through the air?
Which statement defines a compass course?
What describes a truss fuselage design?
Which term describes the air pressure environment around the aircraft used to infer altitude?
Which term designates areas where disturbances to the ILS localizer and glideslope may occur due to surface vehicles operating near the equipment?
The angle of attack at which a wing stalls regardless of airspeed, flight attitude, or weight is known as the:
Datum (Reference Datum) in aircraft weight and balance is best described as which of the following?
Which statement best describes a microburst?
Which airspace is defined as an airspace of defined dimensions within which ATC service is provided to IFR and VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification?
A force vector is best described as which of the following?
Maximum zero fuel weight (GAMA) is defined as what?
Which instrument is part of an inertial navigation system and measures acceleration in one direction?
Which statement about Maneuvering Speed (VA) is true?
Should you exceed VNO in smooth air when flying with retractable landing gear?
Relative Bearing Indicator (RBI) is also known as the fixed-card ADF. Which of the following options represents this instrument?
What is a Venturi tube used for in aircraft instrumentation?
Which of the following statements about the stratosphere is true?
Which line type connects points with the same magnetic variation?
Which term describes the line along which an aircraft is flying or intended to be flown?
Cantilever refers to a wing designed to carry loads under which condition?
Ground effect causes which change to induced drag?
Which statement best defines ambient temperature?
Center of gravity limits are defined as forward and aft points within which the CG must be located during flight. These limits are indicated on pertinent airplane specifications. Which option best expresses this definition?
Which airspace extends from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation's busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or passenger numbers and requires ATC clearance to operate?
ICAO stands for what?
The illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant‑rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain's motion sensing system is called what?
What are feeder facilities used for in air traffic control?
Adverse yaw is best described as:
Graveyard spiral is the illusion of the cessation of a turn while still in a prolonged, coordinated, constant rate turn, which can lead to loss of control. This statement describes which phenomenon?
IVSI stands for what indicator?
A continuous-flow oxygen system on commercial airliners is defined as which of the following?
CG location may be expressed in inches from the reference datum, or in percent MAC. Which option expresses these two forms?
Jet stream flows generally in what direction near the upper troposphere?
For a controllable-pitch propeller, under what condition can it provide reverse thrust without changing shaft rotation direction?
TAWS stands for?
Which instrument or diagram shows a detailed diagram of the airport including surface features and configuration information?
Vapor lock is a problem that mostly affects which engines?
What is a procedure turn?
Which term describes the wing shape as seen from above?
Reverse sensing refers to the VOR needle appearing to indicate the reverse of normal operation. Which statement best describes this condition?
Which term describes using more movement in the control column than necessary to achieve the desired pitch-and-bank condition?
Which term describes the act of removing ice accumulation from an aircraft structure?
What does Wind Correction Angle stand for in navigation?
Accelerate-stop distance refers to?
WAAS stands for which of the following?
The curved glass inclinometer in the turn-and-slip indicator indicates which relationship?
Centripetal force is defined as which of the following?
Which item is not a wind direction indicator?
What is the term for the product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm, used in weight-and-balance calculations?
What is the typical radius of the reference circle?
Airworthiness Directive (AD) is a regulatory notice informing the registered owner of a condition that prevents the aircraft from continuing to meet its airworthiness. Compliance must be within the required time limit, and the fact of compliance, the date of compliance, and the method of compliance are recorded in the aircraft's maintenance records.
Which statement best describes the evolution of CRM definitions?
An uncoordinated turn in which the rate of turn is too great for the angle of bank, pulling the aircraft to the outside of the turn.
Which statement defines the coefficient of lift (CL)?
Which statement best describes the PAPI lighting arrangement?
When is a procedure turn prescribed?
Which statement accurately describes a turbojet engine?
What is the Instrument Landing System primarily used to provide?
Localizer-type directional aid (LDA) is best described as?
The HUD allows the pilot to view flight data while looking through the windshield for what?
Which term describes inaccurate visual information for aligning the aircraft, which can disorient the pilot from the true horizon?
Risk refers to
Emphasis error refers to?
Which description corresponds to Automatic dependent surveillance—broadcast (ADS-B)?
Which description best defines Locator middle marker (LMM)?
What does the Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (IVSI) indicate?
Relative bearing is defined as the angular difference between the aircraft heading and the direction to the station, measured clockwise from the nose. Which option lists these two reference directions?
EFC stands for which term?
Hyperventilation occurs when emotional stress, fright, or pain causes which physiological change?
Back Course (BC) is defined as which of the following?
A tailwheel airplane is best described by which landing gear arrangement?
Decision altitude (DA) is defined as which of the following on a precision approach?
In aviation, the term configuration refers to which of the following?
In modern aircraft, which instrument largely replaced the turn-and-slip indicator?
Differential pressure refers to which of the following?
In what year was the term RADAR coined?
Which statement best describes an altitude engine?
Which statement best defines hypoxic hypoxia?
What does a weather depiction chart detail?
Which statement correctly defines HAL?
The trailing edge of an airfoil is best described as which part of the wing?
Which term describes a force's magnitude and direction as a graphic representation?
Tropopause is the boundary between which atmospheric layers?
What is Structural icing?
What is a nacelle?
Radar approach: In this method, what does the controller provide?
ILS stands for which system?
TAWS stands for Terrain Awareness and Warning System. Which option correctly reflects this acronym?
Where is a ground adjustable trim tab bent to apply trim forces?
Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) provides continuously updated hazardous weather within how many nautical miles of selected VORs?
ADS-B stands for what?
Which term describes clearance that is requested but not yet received after filing a flight plan?
Which statement best describes an altitude engine?
Which instrument observes and reports meteorological conditions from the upper atmosphere, typically carried by a weather balloon?
Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA) is defined as what?
What happens when specified visual aids are inoperative?
NDB stands for which phrase?
Which symbol on government IFR charts identifies the FAF as a Maltese cross for nonprecision approaches?
Which navigation method relies solely on calculations using indicated airspeed, track, wind, and elapsed time?
Standard service volume (SSV) defines the limits of the volume of airspace which the VOR serves.
In aviation communications, RT stands for what?
Which statement about sectional aeronautical charts is true?
An aircraft is best defined as:
Runway Visibility Value (RVV) is the visibility determined for a runway by which instrument?
Takeoff safety speed (V2) stands for?
What is a turbocharger?
Trim tab is defined as?
Which lights are flush with the runway and emit a steady green color?
Which statement best describes static stability?
Which statement best describes 'land without delay at the nearest suitable area'?
Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) provides ATC service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace and principally during which phase of flight?
Which factor primarily determines whether a cold or warm occlusion occurs?
NOAA stands for which organization?
What is the name of the fundamental skill in instrument flight described as the continuous and logical observation of instruments for attitude and performance information?
The heading is defined as what?
Which statement best describes power in aviation?
What is takeoff distance?
How is an airplane most accurately defined?
What is a movable leading-edge device that extends at high angles of attack to delay airflow separation?
Static longitudinal stability is defined as the aerodynamic pitching moments required to return the aircraft to the equilibrium angle of attack.
NWS stands for which organization?
Radar weather report (SD) is issued at 35 minutes after the hour and provides information on the type, intensity, and location of the echo tops of the precipitation.
SIGMET describes what kind of information?
What does EFC stand for in aviation communications?
Takeoff safety speed (V2) is defined as the airspeed after lift-off at which the required one-engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved.
Which statement about Indicated Airspeed corrections is true?
Which term describes the misperception of pitch attitude during rapid acceleration when external cues are limited?
What does the 35-foot height refer to in takeoff distance terminology?
Frost is defined as ice crystal deposits formed by sublimation when temperature and dewpoint are below freezing.
What is a computer navigation fix used for in aircraft navigation?
An ammeter is best described as which of the following?
ASOS stands for which system?
Which publication contains the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs)?
Which word best describes resistance to turning or twisting in mechanical systems, including its use in aviation contexts?
Absolute altitude is defined as?
Which statement best defines minimum obstruction clearance altitude (MOCA)?
HIWAS describes weather advisories for en route flights. Which statement correctly applies?
Evaporation is the transformation of a liquid into which state?
Which statement best defines attitude instrument flying?
What is a magneto?
What is an Area chart used for in navigation charts?
The cone of confusion is defined as which of the following?
Which statement about compressor stall is true?
What device converts DC to AC to operate A.C. gyro instruments?
Which statement about condensation is true?
NSA stands for which term?
Which term is a ground-based radio transmitter that transmits energy in all directions?
RAM recovery refers to which phenomenon?
Which statement correctly describes the wing root?
Dynamic stability leads to what behavior after disturbance?
Equivalent airspeed is the airspeed equivalent to which speed measurement at sea level standard atmosphere?
Concentric rings on instrument approach procedure charts are dashed-line circles outside the reference circle that show en route and feeder facilities.
Mach number is named in honor of which physicist?
En route low-altitude charts are intended for IFR navigation below what altitude?
What is the accelerate-go distance primarily used to evaluate during takeoff planning?
How many discrete transponder codes are available to ATC?
Pneumatic describes operation by what?
Condensation is defined as which of the following?
Accelerate-go distance is defined as?
Which statement best describes the plan view on an instrument approach chart?
Which description accurately defines semimonocoque fuselage design?
In a gas turbine engine, what defines a compressor stall?
In a turboprop engine, what happens to most of the energy in the exhaust gases?
Which statement best describes Indicated Airspeed (IAS)?
What is camber in an airfoil?
A hung start is characterized by which condition?
Cabin altitude is best defined as what?
Which type of drag is caused by the collision of airstreams creating eddy currents and turbulence?
Fundamental skills in IFR training most closely include which activity?
Nondirectional radio beacon (NDB) is defined as what?
What is an alert area in aviation?
What is a poor judgment chain?
In RF antenna systems, what is a goniometer?
MSL stands for which altitude term?
Manifold absolute pressure is usually indicated in inches of mercury.
Lag in an instrument's readout is defined as which of the following?
What does stagnant hypoxia refer to?
What is the Mandatory altitude?
Which term describes yaw to the left caused by unequal thrust from the propeller blades during a climb?
Where is the nacelle mounted on most multi-engine propeller-driven airplanes?
Which statement about MOCA versus MEA is true?
In IFR navigation, the lead radial is best defined as which radial?
Regarding angle of attack, which statement is true?
Sea breeze is a coastal breeze that flows in which direction during the day?
Risk management is defined as
Mean Sea Level is used as the reference for altitudes.
How is range determined in radar?
What does uncaging refer to in gyroscopic instruments?
Empennage is defined as which portion of the airplane?
Which statement best describes a turbofan engine?
Which term is described by the wheel principle with a heavily weighted rim spinning rapidly?
Taxiway edge lights are omnidirectional lights that outline the edges of the taxiway and are blue in color.
What is the proper definition of an altimeter setting?
What is a Stepdown fix?
Which term is the final adjustment and alignment of an aircraft?
MEA is the acronym for which altitude in flight planning?
Wingtip vortices are best described as
Which term describes transmission and reception on the same frequency?
Where does the Prime Meridian pass through?
V1 is which of the following?
Latitude measures north or south of the equator in which units?
Which instrument is a form of pneumatic altimeter with an adjustable barometric scale?
Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP) are preplanned IFR departures designed to provide what primary purpose?
Which statement best defines thrust as the force that imparts a change in velocity of a mass and has no element of time?
Tracking is defined as which of the following?
The z-axis is commonly referred to as which axis in aircraft coordinates?
What are Federal airways?
AHRS is described as which of the following?
Which statement correctly differentiates hot start from hung start?
Which feature does the lateral axis pass through?
Which option best describes the Electronic Flight Display (EFD)?
Which organization is responsible for investigating transportation accidents in the United States?
Which statement best describes the Localizer's function on final approach?
GAMA stands for?
Under the GPS Approach Overlay Program, which procedures are excluded?
Which term is defined as the altitude, charted as height above threshold, at which a decision must be made to continue or go missed on a precision approach?
Which statement best describes foreign object damage (FOD) occurrence?
ADM stands for Aeronautical Decision-Making and is primarily used to:
What does slant range refer to?
What is minimum crossing altitude (MCA)?
Restricted area is airspace designated under 14 CFR Part 73 within which the flight of aircraft is subject to restriction. Which description best fits this designation?
Otolith organ is defined as...
Which statement about takeoff distance is true?
MOCA stands for which altitude concept?
The center of pressure is commonly referred to as which term?
Circling approach is described as which?
The Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) serves as the basis for which document used by operators?
Which statement best describes the term 'power required' in aviation?
What are Lines of flux?
What is neutral static stability?
What is the function of the Flight Management System (FMS)?
NOTAM stands for which of the following?
What causes magnetic compass deviation?
The dewpoint is the temperature at which air becomes saturated and can hold no more water.
Which axis corresponds to yaw?
Atmospheric propagation delay in GPS refers to which?
RT is defined as what?
Rime ice is described as
What is the function of a servo in flight control systems?
What is the primary purpose of Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA)?
Ranging signals are transmitted by GPS satellites to allow the receiver to determine which measurement?
Acceleration in physics is best described as?
Track is defined as which?
Baro-aiding augments GPS integrity using which source?
How is 'Human factors' best defined in aviation?
Taxiway turnoff lights are lights that are flush with the runway and emit a steady color.
Which airspace is generally uncontrolled, except when associated with a temporary control tower?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Stationary front' as used in flight operations?
Phugoid oscillations are slow pitch changes with which condition during the oscillation?
What best describes the standard atmosphere at sea level?
The vestibule is the central cavity of which structure?
Which is a permitted use of a special flight permit?
Which statement correctly describes an adjustable stabilizer?
What does the V-G diagram relate?
Which statement is true about maximum zero fuel weight?
SIDS is an acronym for which aviation term?
Which document defines the maximum zero fuel weight?
Which of the following describes a fixed slot on a wing?
DRVSM stands for which concept in domestic airspace operations?
What is a radar summary chart?
Which term designates areas where disturbances to the ILS localizer and glideslope courses may occur when surface vehicles or aircraft operate near the localizer or glideslope antennas?
The maximum altitude under standard atmospheric conditions at which a turbocharged engine can produce its rated horsepower is called the:
Outside air temperature (OAT) is defined as which of the following?
Which term describes stability about the aircraft's vertical axis, also known as yawing or directional stability?
What is an airfoil best described as?
Spoilers are used for which purpose during flight?
Isogonic lines connect points having the same what?
What is wing span?
What is VOR as used in aviation navigation?
Which instrument expresses direction in degrees on a map or chart?
DA stands for what term?
What is the final approach in an instrument approach procedure?
An airway is based on a centerline that extends from one navigation aid or intersection to another navigation aid (or through several) and is used to establish a known route for en route procedures between terminal areas.
Hypoxic hypoxia is caused by which of the following conditions?
Technique refers to what?
The dewpoint is the temperature at which air reaches a state where it can hold no more water.
In flight deck terminology, what is the primary purpose of the Control Display Unit?
What does Selective Availability (SA) do in GPS?
ATC stands for what in aviation?
What does the Mach meter display?
Which statement best describes 'Land immediately'?
The reference line used in a magnetic compass or heading indicator is called what?
Minimum descent altitude (MDA) defines what?
LMM refers to?
The acronym DA stands for which term?
Which symbol identifies the FAF for precision approaches on government charts?
What is synthetic vision?
Which description corresponds to Aviation Medical Examiner (AME)?
Which inputs are processed by the Air Data Computer (ADC) to compute altitude and airspeeds?
What is a waypoint?
Airworthiness Certificate is a certificate issued by the FAA to all aircraft that have been proven to meet the minimum standards set down by the CFR.
MTR stands for which aviation term?
Transponder code is defined as?
Required navigation performance (RNP) defines a specified level of accuracy in which area?
In the context provided, optical illusion refers to what?
What information does an Area Forecast (FA) provide?
PIREP is the acronym for which type of report?
What does Stress management refer to?
Which instrument is described as measuring the absolute atmospheric pressure by balancing the air's weight against a spring action within the device?
Marker beacons indicate both aurally and visually when the aircraft is directly over the facility.
What is a surface analysis chart?
PIC stands for which of the following?
Which term describes the lift coefficient (CL)?
TDZE stands for?
What is the standard lapse rate in the lower atmosphere?
Mach number is the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.
Which document is abbreviated as FA and is used to convey weather information for flight planning?
Which instrument is the foundation for instrument flight?
The turn-and-slip indicator is also known as which?
P-factor would be to the right if the aircraft had a counterclockwise rotating propeller.
Which NAVAID is used for nonprecision instrument approaches and may have a final approach course offset up to 3 degrees and wider than a localizer?
Which service provides information to the flight deck via data link using the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve see-and-avoid?
The heading indicator displays heading based on a 360° azimuth, with the final zero omitted. What is omitted?
NOT typically included on World Aeronautical Charts?
VFE represents the maximum speed with which configuration?
Which description best characterizes Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)?
Which statement about VOR is true?
Which term best describes estimating a value that lies between two known values in a dataset?
Which activities may take place within a warning area?
What does VOR stand for?
MOCA stands for which altitude concept?
Zone of confusion pertains to which navigation aid?
Indicated altitude is
TAWS uses a GPS positioning and a database of terrain and obstructions to provide true predictability of upcoming terrain and obstacles. Which data source best describes TAWS?
TCAS is best described as which?
Which type of information is commonly included on sectional aeronautical charts?
What is the function of the antiservo tab on the stabilator?
MEL stands for which list used in flight operations?
Relative wind direction is determined by which of the following factors?
On an instrument approach chart, which kind of altitude indicates the need to maintain a specific altitude?
Which term refers to the display that shows primary flight information such as attitude and airspeed?
Gyroscopic precession causes an applied force to be manifested 90 degrees in which direction?
Which weather term stands for Significant Meteorological Information?
ODP stands for what in obstacle procedures?
Which statement correctly describes the function of ailerons?
On a PAPI display, what pattern indicates the aircraft is on the correct glide slope?
What is a Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)?
Which term describes a control surface rigged so that the up aileron moves more than the down aileron?
NACG stands for which organization?
ΔCG indicates a change in what aviation parameter?
Flight Level (FL) is used to denote altitude above which threshold, and how is it expressed?
Single-pilot resource management is best described as the pilot's ability to manage all resources to ensure flight success. Which option best reflects SRM?
During a back-course approach, an aircraft typically approaches the instrument runway from which end?
Ceiling is defined as the height above the earth's surface of what?
What is block altitude in air traffic control terminology?
Which instrument became the de facto standard to indicate roll and yaw in modern aircraft?
Acceleration error on a magnetic compass occurs when the aircraft accelerates on which headings, causing the compass card to rotate toward which direction?
Jet route is defined for flight operations at which altitude range?
Which two components make up drag?
Flight configurations involve adjusting which elements to achieve a specified attitude?
Variation refers to which condition?
Which statement describes an axial-flow compressor?
Anti-ice systems in aircraft are designed to do which of the following?
ICAO is the United Nations agency for developing international air navigation principles and fostering planning and development of international civil air transport.
At 3,000 feet MSL, the standard pressure and temperature are 26.92 inHg and 9 C. True or False?
What is an alternate airport in IFR flight planning?
What best describes preventive maintenance as described in 14 CFR part 43, appendix A?
What does ASR stand for in aviation radar terminology?
Hot start in a gas turbine engine is defined as a start which occurs with normal engine rotation, but exhaust temperature exceeds prescribed limits. This is usually caused by what condition?
What is the maximum certificated takeoff weight that defines a small airplane?
Which organization issues Airworthiness Directives (AD) in the United States?
What is the primary purpose of ASDE in airport operations?
Which phase is primarily handled by the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)?
What does positive static stability describe?
Licensed empty weight: what components included?
Which instrument senses both roll and yaw due to gimbal cant?
Biplanes are aircraft characterized by what feature?
Nondirectional beacons transmitting a continuous carrier are typically associated with which frequency range?
Remote Communications Outlet (RCO) is best described as what?
What does HSI stand for in aviation instrumentation?
Flight configurations refer to which action?
What does a significant weather prognostic provide?
A complete engine and propeller combination with accessories defines which term?
The PRM system is primarily used to monitor precision approaches on what scenario?
MRA stands for which altitude term?
Region of reverse command states what?
Prevailing visibility is defined as what?
Which speed is Best rate-of-climb speed with one engine inoperative for a light twin-engine airplane?
What is the Stratosphere's approximate upper height?
What does planform refer to?
Which instrument approach provides both vertical and horizontal guidance?
What are user-defined waypoints?
Propeller/rotor modulation error can affect which instrument reading?
The VASI provides what kind of guidance?
Which term represents a satellite navigation system with global coverage and autonomous positioning?
What is TACAN?
NM in aviation distance measurement stands for which unit?
What is the purpose of the Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS)?
The illusion where a pilot perceives the aircraft tumbling backwards during abrupt transition from climb to straight-and-level flight when visual cues are absent is called what?
Which process is evaporation?
In turbine engine terminology, which sequence correctly lists major components in order from intake to exhaust?
Load factor is defined as?
Which device is a low-power L/MF beacon located at the site of the outer or middle marker of an ILS?
The Terminal Arrival Area (TAA) supports arriving aircraft equipped with which navigational equipment?
What information does TACAN provide?
Which statement best defines a stall?
What does VNO represent?
Which term corresponds to altitude reporting transponder mode?
What does FAA stand for?
Which instrument combines a magnetic compass with an ADF or VOR to display magnetic heading?
Which data are included in satellite ephemeris data?
What does TERP prescribe?
Which term is charted as height above threshold elevation and indicates where to decide to continue or miss on a precision approach?
PAPI stands for which instrument?
Touchdown zone lights consist of which of the following?
Which condition exists when a reciprocating engine has exceeded the maximum manifold pressure allowed by the manufacturer?
Which term, literally, is a hole used to delay VSI pressure changes?
Calibrated orifice is a specific device used to delay pressure changes in which instrument?
Which system is described as an aircraft computer that receives and processes pitot pressure, static pressure, and temperature to calculate altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and air temperature?
Height Above Airport (HAA) is defined as the height of which value above the published airport elevation?
What does EGT stand for?
A 100-hour inspection is required for which aircraft?
Ramp weight may also be referred to as taxi weight.
Maximum weight refers to the maximum authorized weight of the aircraft and all equipment as specified in which document?
What is true altitude in aviation?
SSR stands for which radar system in aviation?
Which term refers to the airborne portion of the ATC radar beacon system?
Which statement about the Visual Descent Point (VDP) is correct?
What is Takeoff Decision Speed (V1)?
Which speed is the Best angle-of-climb speed?
Convective weather typically involves which type of atmospheric phenomena?
In instrument approach procedures, what does the Missed Approach Point indicate?
Obstacle Departure Procedures are preplanned IFR departure instructions printed for pilot use in textual or graphic form to provide obstruction clearance via the least onerous route. Which option is the correct term for these procedures?
Leading edge refers to which part of an airfoil?
ADF stands for which navigation aid?
DUATS stands for which system in aviation operations?
What does the Localizer (LOC) provide on an ILS?
What term describes a pair of control surfaces on the tail arranged in the form of a V; when moved together they act as elevators, and when moved differentially they act as rudder?
Absolute pressure is measured from what reference?
Which description best matches the term autokinesis?
ΔCG represents a change in what component of an aircraft?
Vapor lock can be caused by what conditions?
The ground proximity warning system (GPWS) is designed to determine what?
Fixating is defined as which behavior?
Which term refers to the speed through the air corrected for instrument and position errors?
Which term describes the forward aerodynamic force produced by a propeller, fan, or turbojet engine as it forces air to the rear?
TWEB stands for which term?
Which speed is described as the best rate-of-climb speed?
Aircraft altitude is defined as the:
Which statement describes clear ice?
CG stands for which term?
Leading edge devices are high lift devices found on the leading edge. Which of the following is a typical type?
In a VORTAC system, the DME distance information is provided by which component?
What does dihedral describe in aircraft design?
Amendment status on an instrument approach procedure refers to which of the following?
What best describes a multifunction display (MFD)?
ALS stands for which term in aviation?
Special use airspace includes which categories?
DGPS is a navigation enhancement that improves GPS accuracy by using ground-based reference stations to provide differential corrections.
Which statement correctly relates to the lift coefficient?
SDF is an instrument approach facility that shares some characteristics with a localizer but has a wider course width.
What is a pitot-static head?
RAM recovery describes which engine performance change?
Which term describes the estimation of an intermediate value between marked values in a series?
Sectional aeronautical charts are designed for visual navigation of which aircraft category?
Which statement about sea breeze timing is true?
Which term describes an IFR altitude lower than the minimum en route altitude that provides terrain and obstacle clearance?
What is an aneroid primarily known as in aviation instrumentation?
Which axis is associated with pitch motion?
RF stands for what term commonly used in navigation and communication?
RNAV is a navigation method known as
AWOS stands for which system?
Isobars are lines on weather charts that connect points of equal what?
Headwork refers to what in aeronautical decision making?
D.C. stands for which term in electrical systems?
Indirect indication
Touchdown Zone Lights are characterized by which configuration?
An aeronautical chart is best described as:
GLS stands for
Which component is included in the useful load of a general aviation aircraft?
What is the correct definition of wing aspect ratio?
What does the acronym ODP stand for?
Parallels are lines of what?
What is VS0?
What does Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) provide on approach charts?
The Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) is published as part of which publication?
Wing twist is primarily implemented to improve aileron control during which flight condition?
What best describes an agonic line?
Flight patterns are basic maneuvers, flown by reference to the instruments to practice instrument flight. Which option best reflects this?
What is the primary purpose of the final approach segment in an instrument approach procedure?
REIL is a system of runway end lights that provides identification of the runway threshold. What does REIL stand for?
Threshold Crossing Height is a concept used in instrument approaches to determine crossing height relative to which glidepath reference?
Which takeoff distance calculation includes climbing to 35 feet and reaching V2 with remaining engines after an engine failure at V1?
DOD stands for?
CG range is the distance between forward and aft CG limits. Which option best expresses this definition?
Which statement about an intercooler is correct?
Which statement about Class B airspace is true?
NAV/COM denotes a radio system that combines which two functions?
An instrument used with some of the larger reciprocating engines and turboprop or turboshaft engines to measure the reaction between the propeller reduction gears and the engine case is called a:
What does VFR over the top describe?
Tower En Route Control stands for?
Relative Bearing Indicator is also described as the fixed-card ADF. Which option correctly names this instrument in the given choices?
Total drag is the sum of which two types of drag?
NRP stands for which program?
Which statement about almanac data is true?
In the context of hypemic hypoxia, the term 'hypemic' refers to which fact about the blood?
ADC stands for which avionics component?
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is used to determine what?
Marker beacons are used along the flight path when approaching an airport and indicate both aurally and visually when the aircraft is directly over the facility.
Nondirectional beacons use what type of modulation?
Fixating is defined as which behavior?
In aviation navigation, the term refers to the intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane measured from which reference?
Flight patterns are used for which purpose?
How is stability defined in airplane design?
Which navigation facility consists of VOR and TACAN components and provides VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance (DME) at one site?
Which description correctly characterizes spiral instability?
Direct indication is described as the true and instantaneous reflection of aircraft attitude on which display?
The Magnus effect explains lifting force produced by rotation; which option properly describes this phenomenon?
Which turn is uncoordinated with the bank angle such that the horizontal lift component is greater than the centrifugal force, pulling the aircraft toward the inside of the turn?
What does VLO stand for?
Which statement correctly describes the groups included in CRM definitions?
Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used to guide aircraft by providing what?
Lag is best defined as which of the following?
A standard instrument approach procedure in which only horizontal guidance is provided describes which approach?
What is wind shear?
Deceleration error in a magnetic compass is characterized by which of the following behaviors?
Traffic Information Service (TIS) provides information to the flight deck via data link using the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve see-and-avoid. Which option best describes this service?
What are radials?
L/MF stands for which of the following?
Chord line in an airfoil is defined as which line?
Which term describes flight conducted under instrument flight rules?
Which term corresponds to the photosensitive pigment that initiates the visual response in the rods?
What is current induction in electrical terms?
Horsepower is defined as?
Which drag component is caused by friction between air layers and the surface?
Microwave Landing System operates in which spectrum?
METAR is used to describe which of the following?
Which statement about Localizer-type directional aids (LDAs) is true?
Floor load limit is defined as which of the following?
The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is established for what radius around the airport?
Condensation nuclei are which of the following?
Chart Supplement U.S. is which type of publication?
Selective Availability (SA) introduces navigation errors primarily in which data?
Which term is defined as the pressure in the area immediately surrounding the aircraft?
Airspeed is defined as which of the following?
Which term describes the rapidly rotating whirlpools of air behind an aircraft due to lift?
DRVSM stands for Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum, which defines what?
Which unit of measurement is used to express distances for stations on an aircraft?
In aviation communications, duplex refers to which arrangement?
Which statement best describes Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations?
Regions of command refer to which relationship?
Which engine type uses the bypass to create additional thrust by diverting a secondary airflow around the combustion chamber?
Which type of airways are used to establish en route procedures and rely on a centerline from VOR/VORTACs and intersections?
What term describes a change in cabin pressure faster than the lungs can decompress, potentially causing lung damage?
Which unit is used to express a standard rate turn?
What is the Magnus effect?
A microburst typically occurs over what horizontal distance?
SRM stands for what concept in pilot resource management?
Which instrument is a direction-sensing device using two loops oriented 90° apart to determine direction?
What is the Initial Approach Fix (IAF)?
Encoding altimeter is used to convey to air traffic control what information?
What is the primary purpose of ADM in flight safety?
Which weather instrument is typically carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon to observe and report meteorological conditions from the upper atmosphere?
Height Above Landing (HAL) is the height above what area used for helicopter instrument approaches?
What is defined as the maximum distance from wingtip to wingtip?
Mean sea level is defined as which of the following?
What does TAA stand for in aviation?
The PIC is defined as the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft.
Anhedral describes which wing or tail geometry?
Which term describes a system that provides current FAA weather and flight plan filing services to pilots via PC or modem?
Leans describes a physical sensation caused by what?
Limit load factor: what does it represent?
What best defines wind correction angle (WCA)?
An annual inspection is required to be performed how often on certificated aircraft?
Zone of confusion is the volume of space above the VOR station where what occurs?
An item located at station +50 would have an arm of how many inches?
An adjustable stabilizer is used to what?
The Attitude Director Indicator is an attitude indicator that includes flight command bars. Which option matches this description?
Which term is described by the black markings on the ball instrument indicating its neutral position?
Which term defines the calibrated airspeed at which the critical engine failure is assumed in a multiengine aircraft?
What does HAT stand for in aviation terminology?
Which statement best describes the land breeze?
ASDE is best described as which of the following?
PFD stands for which instrument display?
En route high-altitude charts are used for IFR navigation at or above what altitude?
In aircraft control systems, what term describes a device that receives a small input signal and exerts a large output force to move a control surface?
Elevator illusion is characterized by which description?
The reference circle is also called what?
NDB stands for what term in aviation navigation?
The Terminal Arrival Area contains a 'T' structure that normally provides a NoPT for aircraft using the approach. Which option correctly reflects this capability?
LOM stands for which navigation aid configuration?
Which description corresponds to Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)?
Which statement best describes Area Navigation (RNAV)?
Instrument takeoff refers to using what to maintain runway heading?
Runway centerline lights provide what arrangement?
MOA stands for what?
Fundamental skills in pilot training refer to which set?
The elevator is the?
Which publication would a pilot consult for information on airports, communications, and NAVAIDs?
Which statement about the Flight Director Indicator is true?
Calibrated, in instrument terminology, means what?
Coordinated flight is defined as what?
Deposition is the phase change from gas to solid.
What does Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) do?
ADM stands for what concept?
Work is defined as what?
In navigation terminology, COP stands for?
Which gear configuration uses a nose wheel?
Form drag is caused by:
STAR stands for which term?
Which navigation term describes keeping the radio needle pointing to 0° relative bearing?
What capability does Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) provide?
Center of Pressure is defined as a point along the wing chord line where lift is concentrated. Which of the following best describes this concept?
Bernoulli's Principle explains how pressure in a moving fluid varies with what?
Random RNAV routes are defined as which type of navigation paths?
Which term describes long-period oscillations around the lateral axis characterized by slow pitch and airspeed changes?
Which statement about the thermosphere is true?
Which option correctly describes ILS Category IIIA minima?
A turn in which the clock and the turn coordinator are used to change heading a definite number of degrees in a given time is called:
Which statement describes a standard holding pattern?
Which statement correctly describes a Frise-type aileron?
Which description defines an air mass?
What does the maximum takeoff weight indicate?
The drag curve is produced by plotting which of the following?
MOA designates airspace primarily used for what purpose?
Which instrument provides near-instantaneous indication of vertical speed?
In a vertical card magnetic compass, which damping mechanism reduces oscillations?
The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast uses the same descriptors and abbreviations as which weather report?
Acceleration error affects which instrument on certain headings?
Which term describes the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground as used in navigation?
MAC stands for Mean Aerodynamic Chord.
Trend describes the immediate direction of aircraft movement as shown on instruments?
How is the aspect ratio of a wing defined?
Holding is defined as what?
Which describes 'Land immediately' in emergencies?
A VOR test facility (VOT) is a ground facility used to check VOR receiver accuracy. Some VOTs are available airborne, others ground use only. Which statement is true?
The Troposphere extends from the surface to a height that depends on latitude, typically within which range?
What is Stress?
What is a synchro used for?
The vertical axis of an aircraft is also referred to as which axis in standard terms?
NAS stands for what in aviation context?
Static longitudinal stability is primarily concerned with which of the following?
What is the great circle route?
The total moment of an airplane is the weight multiplied by the distance from the datum to the point of application (the arm). What is this distance commonly called?
What causes wake turbulence?
Which of the following is NOT one of the identified hazardous attitudes?
Conventional landing gear is described as including what configuration?
Glideslope (GS) is part of the ILS that projects a radio beam upward at approximately how many degrees from the approach end of the runway, providing vertical guidance on the final approach?
Pitot pressure is ram air pressure used to measure airspeed.
Which term describes the act of maintaining the desired ground track by adjusting heading to compensate for crosswinds?
Reference circle is also called what?
Which statement describes a constant-speed propeller?
What does POH/AFM stand for?
The abbreviation A.C. stands for?
The boundary between two different air masses is called:
Inertial navigation systems rely on which sensors to determine motion?
Which description corresponds to Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)?
Which statement best describes an unusual attitude?
Airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower is which class?
Which term refers to stability about the vertical axis?
Which statement about World Aeronautical Charts is true?
Which system is designed to keep an aircraft on a set course with no pilot input?
GLS is described as having lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits similar to which concept?
The intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane measured in degrees from north is known as the:
What does FA stand for in meteorology?
Which speed is described as the best angle-of-climb speed?
Height Above Landing (HAL) is a measure used for instrument approach procedures for which type of aircraft?
What term describes aircraft with a single set of wings?
Which term describes the direction an aircraft is pointed with respect to magnetic north?
What is the movable primary control surface mounted on the trailing edge of the vertical fin of an airplane that rotates the airplane about its vertical axis?
PFD refers to which display in the cockpit?
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is the temperature of the exhaust gases as they leave which components?
CG stands for which term?
Which engine uses a reduction gearing arrangement to drive a propeller?
Concentric rings on instrument approach procedure charts are dashed-line circles outside the reference circle that show en route and feeder facilities. Which option best completes this statement?
Vortices from heavy aircraft may be extremely hazardous to which of the following?
NOTAMs alert pilots to hazards en route or at a specific location and are filed with an aviation authority. Which statement best describes NOTAMs?
How many magnetos per engine are typically installed in light aircraft?
Eddy currents are currents induced in what when crossed by lines of flux from a moving magnet?
RAIM stands for which concept?
What is VLE?
In turbine engines, N1 refers to the rotational speed of which component?
The first fundamental skill of instrument flight, cross‑check, is also known as which practice?
Which instrument is described as an azimuth on a vertical card with a fixed miniature airplane to show heading, using eddy current damping to minimize lead and lag during turns?
What describes a warning area?
In radar, how is the direction of a detected object determined?
RNAV is best described by which option?
Which surfaces of an aircraft can exhibit anhedral?
Which characteristic is used to determine an aircraft's approach category?
How is useful load defined in relation to maximum gross weight and basic empty weight?
Advection fog is produced by which mechanism?
Outside Air Temperature (OAT) is also referred to as what?
Empty-field myopia is best described as?
EFD stands for which term?
What is the Weather and Radar Processor (WARP) used for in aviation weather systems?
Induction icing most commonly refers to icing in which system?
An adjustable-pitch propeller is defined as which?
IAF stands for which aviation term?
Glideslope intercept altitude is defined as?
Which statement best describes Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

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